Motivational Interviewing and Culture for Urban Native American Youth

Program Description

Motivational Interviewing and Culture for Urban Native American Youth (MICUNAY) is a three-workshop substance use program for American Indian/Alaska Native 14-18-year-olds that integrates traditional practices with motivational interviewing to support healthy choices about brain, body, and spirit. Each workshop lasts two hours, with one hour focusing on motivational interviewing activities and one hour focusing on cultural activities. MICUNAY uses the concept of the Medicine Wheel, an image familiar to most American Indian/Alaska Native youth, to guide interactive discussions, which include conversations about substance use’s impacts on the brain, the pros and cons of substance use, and ways for participants to think ahead and plan for risky situations using motivational interviewing techniques. Key cultural practices integrated into MICUNAY sessions include opening prayers, beading, and smudging ceremonies.

Prevention Category

Selective
Indicated

Practice Level

Individual

Strategies

Alternatives

Practice Components

Level
Components
Individual
Cultural/Religious Focus
Education
Motivational Enhancement
Pro-Social Connections and Activities
Psychoeducation
Self-Efficacy or Self-Esteem Enhancement
Skills Training
Relationship
None
Community/Society
None

Risk and Protective Factors

Risk Factors
Protective Factors
Individual Risk Factors
Favorable attitudes towards substance abuse
Individual Protective Factors
Emotional self-regulation
Personal engagement in two or more of the following: school, peers, athletics, employment, religion/spirituality, culture
Positive social orientation (e.g., engaging in healthy activities, accepting of rules and community values, positive social engagement)
Strong coping skills (e.g., problem-solving skills, ability to stand up for beliefs and values)
Family Risk Factors
None
Family Protective Factors
None
School, Peer, and Community Risk Factors
Accessibility of substances
Norms favorable towards substance use
Substance use among peers
School, Peer, and Community Protective Factors
None

Population Age

Age 13-17
Age 18-20

Populations of Focus

American Indian/Alaska Native

Settings

Community-based program

Parental/Caregiver Involvement

No parent or caregiver involvement

Substance Use Prevention Focus

Substance Use - General

Recommended Staffing

Health or social work counselor, therapist or professional (unlicensed)
Health or social work counselor, therapist or professional (licensed)
Prevention staff
Teachers or educators

Empirical Evidence of Impact

Substance Substance-Related Behavior Population Age Evidence Strength and Study Populations of Focus
Alcohol Changes in Knowledge, Attitudes, or Beliefs 12-17 Practice-Based Evidence (American Indian or Alaska Native, Urban)1
Alcohol Reduced Use or Delayed Initiation 12-17 Practice-Based Evidence (American Indian or Alaska Native, Urban)1
Cannabis Changes in Knowledge, Attitudes, or Beliefs 12-17 Practice-Based Evidence (American Indian or Alaska Native, Urban)1
Cannabis Reduced Use or Delayed Initiation 12-17 Practice-Based Evidence (American Indian or Alaska Native, Urban)1
Tobacco Changes in Knowledge, Attitudes, or Beliefs 12-17 Practice-Based Evidence (American Indian or Alaska Native, Urban)1
Tobacco Reduced Use or Delayed Initiation 12-17 Practice-Based Evidence (American Indian or Alaska Native, Urban)1
References

1 D’Amico, E. J., Dickerson, D. L., Brown, R. A., Johnson, C. L., Klein, D. J., & Agniel, D. (2020). Motivational interviewing and culture for urban Native American youth (MICUNAY): A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment111, 86–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2019.12.011

Training and Technical Assistance

The MICUNAY website site offers a free two-hour course training. Topics covered in the training include motivational interviewing techniques, the integration of culture and substance use prevention, and specific cultural practices.  Also available on the site are the MICUNAY Manual, notes on the Manual, and activity handouts. Visit the site for more information on Continuing Education approvals.

Adaptations

MICUNAY can be adapted to meet the needs of local communities.

Program Costs

Required training and implementation materials are available at no cost.

What California Providers Are Saying

What They Like About MICUNAY

  • The program is fun for participants.
  • Its relatively short duration of three sessions makes it easy to implement and convenient for participants to join.
  • The program effectively integrates cultural components with motivational interviewing and discussions about substance use.
  • It utilizes cultural connections to promote resiliency.
  • The curriculum is excellent, easy to follow, and can be taught to peers through a three-hour online course.
  • Participants and parents report that they like the program and find it effective in improving knowledge about substances while opening the door for families to have productive conversations about alcohol and drug use.

Tips and Recommendations for Implementing MICUNAY

  • The program can be tailored for different age groups, including middle school, high school, post-high school, and transitional-age youth up to age 26.
  • It can be effectively adapted for virtual implementation through platforms like Zoom, with the only in-person activity being the beading exercise.
  • Virtual implementation allows for flexible scheduling to accommodate participants’ availability, removes transportation barriers, and enables participation from different geographic areas.
  • Sessions can be adapted to be shorter as needed.
  • The program works well in small groups, providing youth with space to talk and share.

Labels

Universal,

Individual,

Information dissemination,
Education,
Alternatives,

Cultural/Religious Focus,
Education,
Motivational Enhancement,
Pro-Social Connections and Activities (prosocial adults, peers, organizations),
Psychoeducation,
Self-efficacy/self-esteem enhancement,
Skills Training,

Favorable attitudes towards substance abuse,

Emotional self-regulation,
Positive social orientation (e.g. engaging in health activities, accepting of rules and community values, positive social engagement),
Strong coping skills (e.g. problem-solving skills, ability to stand up for beliefs and values),

Accessibility of substances,
Norms favorable towards substance use,
Substance use among peers,

Age 13-17, Ages 13-17,
Age 18-20, Ages 18-20,

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN), American Indian, Alaska Native,

No parent/caregiver involvement,

Substances Use - General, substance use-general, substance use general, general substance use,

Community-based program, community based program, community/based program,

Health/social work counselor, therapist or professional (unlicensed), health social,
Health/social work counselor, therapist or professional (licensed),
Prevention Staff,
Teachers/Educators, teachers educators,